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Farm tools are instruments we use in the farm to aid us in farm work, thereby making it easy. Such equipments include cutlass, wheel barrow hoe, shovel and axe. PICK AXE The pick axe is made up of a long wooden handle with a double headed thick metal blade that is attached to the handle through a loop. The head of the pick axe is made up of two edges, one part of the end of the blade is pointed, while the other end is flat and sharp edged. They are mainly used for breaking up of hard soil, and digging up of roots and tree stumps. HAND FORK When it is viewed, the hand fork, looks like the kitchen fork we eat with, just that it is a little bit bigger, it has a short wooden or metal handle with four prongs. It is used in mixing manure into the soil, for breaking the surface of the soil, so that air and water, can pass easily and it is also used for the removal of weeds on the seed bed. HAND TROWEL It is boat shaped or it is either curved sloop metal blade that is attached to a short woode

Most stranglers are members of the fig family. In Spanish they are known as matapalo - 'killer tree'. The seed of the strangler fig starts life as an epiphyte high in the trees, borne by birds and monkeys which eat the fig fruit. The seedling fig sends down long roots to the ground from where it begins to surround the host tree. It grows quickly and eventually suffocates the host: when the host tree dies it leaves an enormous upright strangler with a hollow core. By using an adult tree as its host, the strangler fig avoids competition for light and nutrients at ground level.

Ninety per cent of the world's vine species grow in tropical rainforests. Lianas are a type of climbing vine found throughout tropical rainforests. They have thick, woody stems and come in various lengths (up to 3,000 ft) and varying shapes. They begin life on the forest floor but depend on trees for support as they climb upwards towards the sunlight they need for survival. They do this by attaching themselves to trees with sucker roots or tendrils and growing with the young sapling, or they climb by winding themselves round the tree's trunk. When they reach the top of the canopy they often spread to other trees or wrap themselves around other lianas. This network of vines gives support against strong winds to the shallow-rooted, top-heavy trees. However, when one tree falls several others may be pulled down also. Lianas include rattan palms, philodendron and Strychnos toxifera (from which the deadly poison strychnine is obtained). Rattans, the Asian lianas, have thorny stems a

Both tropical and rainforests feature an incredible array of plants. Those that dangle from trees, rocks and vertical supports are called epiphytes. Tree epiphytes are called air plants because they have no firm grip in the earth. This fascinating collection of plants is also fun to grow indoors or out in the garden. Find answers on what is an epiphyte plant so you can introduce this unique form to your indoor or outdoor landscape. WHAT IS AN EPIPHYTE PLANT? The word epiphyte comes from the Greek "epi", which means "upon" and "phyton", which means plant. One of the amazing adaptations of epiphytes is their ability to attach to vertical surfaces and capture their water and much of their nutrient needs from sources other than soil. They may be found on branches, trunks and other structures. While epiphytes may live on other plants, they are not parasites. There are many types of epiphytes, with the majority being found in tropical and cloud forests. They get

BROMELIAD (Bromeliaceae) BOTANY: There are more than 2,700 species of bromeliads. One of the most well-known bromeliads is the pineapple. Bromeliads typically have bright red, orange,purple or blue flowers, and can grow in a number of different ways: they can be terrestrial, growing on the ground; saxicolous, growing on rocks; or epiphytic, growing on other plants and trees. Epiphytic bromeliads have the ability to absorb nutrients and moisture from the atmosphere, so they are sometimes called "air plants." Hundreds of these plants can grow on branches of tropical trees, sometimes causing the branches to break under their weight. HABITAT: Bromeliads are native to the Neotropics. One species now thrives in western Africa, and is thought to have been introduced accidentally. Did You Know? Many bromeliads have stiff, overlapping leaves which hold rainfall like buckets. Leaves and debris fall into these reservoirs and help algae and other single-celled organisms to grow, which in

Saprophytes are the organisms that act as the rainforests decomposers, competing with the heavy rainfall which constantly washes away nutrients on the forest floors. Some fungi, called mycorrhizals, are examples of plant life that carry out this function. Decomposers work extremely efficiently and, together with the warmth and wetness which helps accelerate decomposition, can often break down dead animals and vegetation within 24 hours. Decomposition in montane forests, which are colder and less humid, however, can sometimes take up to six weeks. Many saprotrophs are so small, called microbes, that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Other decomposers, which include insects, grubs, snails, slugs, beetles and ants, aid in recycling valuable nutrients from dead organic matter which is then released back into the soil to be reabsorbed rapidly by plants and trees. Decayed matter contains essential nutrients like iron, calcium, potassium and phosphorous all of which are necessary to pro

An ornamental plant is grown for decoration, rather than food or other by-products. Ornamental plants may be grown in a flowerbed, shaped into a hedge or placed in a sunny apartment window. They are most often intentionally planted for aesthetic appeal, but a plant that occurs naturally and enhances the landscape could also be considered ornamental. While the most apparent use of ornamental plants is for visual effect, they serve a few less obvious purposes. 1) ADD BEAUTY Ornamental plants are used in landscapes and throughout the home to beautify the surroundings. A large, tropical plant in a living room provides a pop of color and helps soften harsh lines from furniture and architectural design. Colorful flowering ornamental plants break up the browns and greens that naturally occur outside. A large dogwood tree in the center of the front yard awakens with brilliant pink or white blossoms to flood the yard with color in spring. Exposed concrete block foundations are commonly conceale

1) TROPICAL RAINFOREST Hugely dense, lush forest with canopies preventing sunlight from getting to the floor of the forest. All year high temperatures and abundant rainfall. Located near the equator. A vital storehouse of biodiversity, sustaining millions of different animals, birds, algae and fish species. 2) SUB-TROPICAL FOREST Located at the south and north of the tropical forests. Trees here are adapted to resist the summer drought. 3) MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS located at the south of the temperate regions around the coasts of the Mediterranean, California, Chile and Western Australia. The growing season is short and almost all trees are evergreen, but mixed with hardwood and softwood. 4) TEMPERATE FORESTS Located at Eastern North America, Northeastern Asia, and western and eastern Europe. Mix of deciduous and coniferous evergreen trees. Usually, the broad-leaved hardwood trees shed leaves annually. There are well-defined seasons with a distinct winter and sufficient rainfall. 5) CONIF

You know fish is a great source of lean protein and nutrients, but a slew of new research has uncovered more amazing reasons to go fish. The good news is if you're not a fish fan, most new research indicates that eating fish only once or twice a week can be enough to reap the benefits. Meanwhile, the National Institute of Health recommends that people consume at least 2 percent of their total daily calories as omega-3 fatty acids, which equals about 4 grams per day. One four-ounce piece of salmon (one of the highest natural sources of omega-3s) contains about 1.5 grams of the fatty acid. Other fish, such as tuna, sardines, and halibut, also contains high levels. If you don't eat animal products or have trouble fitting fish into your diet, you can get your daily recommended amount of fatty acids through omega-3 DHA/fish oil supplements. Although new data from Consumer Reports suggests that more Americans are buying omega-3 supplements than ever before, the doctor- recommended wa

Mangos taste so good that people forget they are also healthy! Discover how the "king of fruits" can help you. Health Benefits: 1) PREVENTS CANCER: Research has shown antioxidant compounds in mango fruit have been found to protect against colon, breast, leukemia and prostate cancers. These compounds include quercetin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, fisetin, gallic acid and methylgallat, as well as the abundant enzymes. 2) LOWERS CHOLESTEROL: The high levels of fiber, pectin and vitamin C help to lower serum cholesterol levels, specifically Low- Density Lipoprotein (the bad stuff) 3) CLEARS THE SKIN: Can be used both internally and externally for the skin. Mangos clear clogged pores and eliminate pimples. Wow! 4) EYE HEALTH: One cup of sliced mangoes supplies 25 percent of the needed daily value of vitamin A, which promotes good eyesight and prevents night blindness and dry eyes. 5) ALKALIZES THE WHOLE BODY: The tartaric acid, malic acid, and a trace of citric acid found in

Cardiovascular diseases make up the single greatest cause of death on the planet. Between ischaemic heart disease, strokes, and hypertension-related deaths, more than 17 million people die each year due to cardiovascular issues. For that reason, protecting your heart is one of the most important and imperative things that everyone needs to do, even at a young age. Preventing things like unbalanced cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, plaque build-up in your arteries, and unnecessary strain on your cardiovascular system is of the utmost importance. Here is a list of 7 foods that keeps your "Heart Healthy": 1) NUTS – Almonds, walnuts, and other varieties of nuts are all beneficial for heart health due to their impressive mineral content, including high levels of magnesium, as well as their great balance of monounsaturated fats as compared to saturated fats. This can help lower overall cholesterol levels. However, many nuts come salted, which is definitely not a heart-healt

Research continues on the vast health benefits of resveratrol, found in purple or red grapes. Here are some of the amazing healing benefits of resveratrol: 1)MOP UP BRAIN DAMAGING PLAQUES Studies at the University of Switzerland proved resveratrol's brain-protecting ability. They found that resveratrol mopped up brain-damaging plaques and free radicals, which have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. So powerful is this important nutrient that it has even been referred to as "Reverse-it-all" by many health practitioners. 2)POWER UP YOUR WEIGHT LOSS Exciting research led by MaryAnne DellaFera, PhD at the University of Georgia found that resveratrol (particularly when combined with soy isoflavones) works on the body in two ways to significantly assist with weight loss efforts: 1) it dramatically reduces cells' ability to store fat by about 130 percent; and 2) causes fat cells to disintegrate at a rate 246 percent higher than normal. 3) PROTECT YOUR SKIN FROM CANCER

Garlic is one of the most common ingredients in Indian dishes but apart from imparting flavour to food, this tiny, white pod also has immense medicinal properties. Used since time immemorial to treat various ailments, garlic is one ingredient in your kitchen that has a number of uses. Here are the top 5 health benefits of garlic you should know about. 1)HELPS TO KEEP BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS AT BAY Due to its innate compounds, garlic can help keep both bacterial and viral infections at bay. HOW DOES IT HELP? They help control bacterial, viral, fungal, yeast and worm infections. Fresh garlic is thought to play a role in preventing food poisoning by killing bacteria like E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, etc. 2)CAN HELP TREAT SKIN INFECTIONS Since it has both antibacterial and antiviral properties, garlic is great when it comes to treating skin infections. HOW DOES IT HELP? The chemical ajoene found in garlic may help treat fungal skin infections like ringworm and athlete's foot

Rapper Lil Wayne was kicked off a private jet he chartered minutes after takeoff, because he lit up a joint almost immediately after wheels up. TMZ reports below.. We're told Wayne told the pilot before takeoff at a Ft. Lauderdale airport, he and his entourage wanted to smoke during the flight. The pilot could not have been clearer ... absolutely not. But shortly after takeoff, Wanye and his posse lit up, and the pilot was in no mood to negotiate. The captain turned the plane around 17 minutes after takeoff and landed it where it came from. It looks like Wayne brought his own beverages, because we got this photo in which he's holding a double cup. We're told it contained pink/purple liquid, consistent with sizzurp. Wayne has had problems with sipping sizzurp on private jets in the past. TMZ broke the story he suffered some pretty wicked seizures from the codeine drink back in 2013. Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

Ekiti State Governor, Ayodele Fayose on Sunday boasted that the All Progressives Congress, APC, can never win elections in the state. He also took a swipe at the party's national leader, Bola Tinubu. "Even if Tinubu becomes the INEC chairman, they will lose in Ekiti, because they are not on ground here", Fayose said via his Twitter account. According to him, Ekiti was gone for good from the hands of APC. In a series of tweet, he re-echoed his preference for former President Goodluck Jonathan to win a second term, saying the victory of President Muhammadu Buhari was "the will of God". Excerpts from his tweets: "Elections have come and gone and, as I always say, President Muhammadu Buhari is the president of Nigeria, not by his own grace. "I wanted Jonathan but God has given it to Buhari and so, we all have to submit to the will of God. "It is a free society; there is no almighty governor; there is no almighty president. We are all governed by civil

A suspected Boko Haram male suicide bomber detonated a bomb at a checkpoint at Kano-Maiduguri road on the outskirts of Damaturu, Yobe State yesterday afternoon. Eyewitnesses say the blast occurred when police officers at the checkpoint stopped a suspicious Toyota Highlander heading for Maiduguri. As the driver of the bus and other passengers filed out for searching, the suicide bomber blew himself up, killing himself and others. Many others were seriously injured. Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

The accident happened today in Jaji, Kaduna. Thankfully, no live was lost. Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

Stylish woman! Does she Look beautiful? Don't know just asking! Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

The Project for Human Development, PHD, a Civil Society Organisation, today urged President Muhammadu Buhari in a rally with the theme "Gay Marriage: Obama, Please Leave Nigeria Alone", not to listen to president Obama as he visits him today . Buhari is already in Washington DC on a four-day official visit where different issues concerning Nigeria will be discussed. The Director-General of the Group, Jerry Okwuosa, however urged Buhari not to listen to him on gay rights and let the country continue to kick against it. "The U.S. is now the major exporter of gay rights in the world. It has recently pressurized Uganda for a reverse of its anti-gay law. "Under the influence of the U.S., Mozambique has recently decriminalized its anti-gay law. At the moment, U.S. is putting pressure on Kenya to legalize gay Marriage. "President Obama is meeting with President Buhari today to discuss issues which include security, economy, Ebola and gay marriage legalisation in Nig

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A civil rights organisation, Vanguards of Nigeria's Democracy, on Saturday raised the alarm over clandestine moves by President Muhammadu Buhari to "investigate, malign and imprison" former President Goodluck Jonathan on trumped-up charges. The VND specifically accused the President and his All Progressives Congress-led administration of "unsavoury and patently repugnant action," which it said, were anti-Niger Delta and against the Ijaw ethnic nationality. The group believed Jonathan was the target of the controversy surrounding some alleged missing funds from the nation's treasury during the tenure of the immediate past administration. Special Adviser to the President on Media and Publicity, Mr. Femi Adesina, wondered why people would dwell on speculations when nothing concrete had been established against Jonathan. He said, "All these are speculations and I cannot react to speculations because there is nothing concrete yet against the former President

A lot went down in the MAMA's one to remember is D'Banj and Bonang Matheba have finally confirmed that they are a couple after denying in several interviews. D'Banj kissed her after he was announced as the winner of one of the biggest awards of the MTV Africa Music Awards 2015 – "The Evolutionary Award". Bonang was definitely not expecting the kiss but yeah it's Banga Lee you can't deny. It follows the kiss Cassper Nyovest landed Amanda Du Pont kiss at last year's edition. The two dated for about three months before calling off their affair. We hope D'Banj and Bonang last longer. Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

Nigeria's broadcasting industry regulator, the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) has said that it has confiscated transmitters being used by the controversial Radio Biafra across the South east, thereby effectively neutralizing illegal broadcasts from the radio station. NBC also claimed it has arrested operators of the radio station while it was working to stop the transmission through the internet. The Director General of NBC, Emeka Mba said this in a statement released today in Abuja. He also disclosed that the brains behind the radio station are currently being interrogated by security operatives. It will be recalled that the government had earlier said it has confiscated the transmitters of the radio stations, but the directors released a press statement shortly after that to say it was untrue and they are still very much transmitting. Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

One of the four suspects paraded by the police in connection with the March 12, 2015 robbery of the Lekki branch of First City Monument Bank, Ebi Tosan, has sued the police. He is seeking N1m as damages. The 20-year-old, who was arrested on April 5, 2015, claimed that it was unlawful for the police to continue to keep him in detention without admitting him to bail. Tosan, who was paraded by the police along with three others – Duke Odogbo, 38; Lawrence Kingsley, 31; and Ekelemo Kuete, 30 – is seeking an order directing the police to immediately release him on bail. The suspect's lawyer, Chief S.W. Baidi, argued that the suspect's continued detention without bail was an "infringement and curtailment of the applicant's constitutional right to personal liberty, freedom of movement and presumption of innocence." Tosan is seeking a declaration that his arrest, torture and continued detention by the State Anti-Robbery Squad, Ikeja, without bail was a violation of his hu

50 people have been confirmed dead in a twin suicide bomb blast that rocked Damaturu Yobe state this morning. A statement released by the Acting-Director of Army Public Relations, Col. Sani Usman says an elderly woman and a 10 year old girl were responsible for the attacks. "This is to confirm that there were two suicide bomb explosions today at about 7:40 a.m. in Damaturu, Yobe, in which two female suicide bombers — one elderly woman and a ten year-old girl –detonated the devices. It occurred at screening areas for intending Muslim worshippers at Layin Gwange, Damaturu and at Phase1, in front of former state secretariat, Damaturu,'' the statement read. Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

In chemistry laboratories, liquid nitrogen is often stored in large thermos-like containers called "dewars." It boils at minus 195.8°C (-321 F) and is used for cooling. NITROGEN ATOMIC NUMBER: 7 ATOMIC RADIUS: 155 pm (Van der Waals) ATOMIC SYMBOL: N MELTING POINT: -210.0 °C ATOMIC WEIGHT: 14.01 BOILING POINT: -195.79 °C ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION: [He]2s22p3 OXIDATION STATES: -3, 5 HISTORY From the Latin word nitrum, Greek Nitron, native soda; and genes, forming. Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms. At the same time there were other noted scientists working on the problem of nitrogen. These included Scheele, Cavendish, Priestley, and others. They called it "burnt" or. "dephlogisticated air," which meant air without oxygen. SOURCES Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up 78.1% of the Earth's air, by vo

This is the magic element for everything on Earth. All life on Earth depends on carbon (C). It is in nearly every biological compound that makes up our bodies, systems, organs, cells, and organelles. When you breathe out, there is a lot of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Carbon has been known and used for thousands of years. It was never really discovered. Ancient people knew of the black soot left over after a fire. That was carbon. Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table. Located between boron (B) and nitrogen (N), it is a very stable element. Because it is stable , it can be found both by itself and in many naturally occurring compounds. Scientists describe the three states of carbon as diamond, amorphous, and graphite. It is the same graphite you find in pencils. Where can you find carbon? Plants All plants have carbon as their most important element. Without carbon plants would not exist. That means every animal on Earth also needs carbon to survive. You c

Cosmetics, they have become the need of society. People spend monthly on these and the amount of variety is so high that cosmetics are available for different seasons and climates as well. The makers claim to have their own RnD and make one of the finest products for us. We all know that it is very difficult these days for someone to just make a product beneficial for its customers; he ought to make a huge profit out of it. Quality is compromised most of the times and generally a common man is unable to raise the voice or submit complain on which action would be taken. Many times it happens that the ingredients mentioned are not true and that affects us. So there is an ugly side to these beauty products as well. I don't mean to say that they don't work; they do work but have harmful effects also along with. There are many harmful effects of using cosmetics; here I have listed the top ten of them. 1) HEADACHES Headache is a very common issue after putting up make up for long per

Honey has been valued as a natural sweetener long before sugar became widely available in the 16th century. Honey production flourished in ancient Greece and Sicily, for instance, while animals other than humans – bears, badgers, and more – have long raided honey bee hives, risking stings for the sweet reward. Honey is truly a remarkable substance, made even more extraordinary by the process with which it is made. This blend of sugar, trace enzymes, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids is quite unlike any other sweetener on the planet. And while honey is high in fructose, it has many health benefits when used in moderation (assuming you're healthy). Before I delve into those, should we discuss how honey is made? Nah! Some other time! 1. HONEY MAKES EXCELLENT COUGH "MEDICINE" The World Health Organization (WHO) lists honey as a demulcent, which is a substance that relieves irritation in your mouth or throat by forming a protective film. Research shows honey works as well as

Bananas have long been a favourite source of energy for runners. They're portable and packed with nutrients to help fuel your run and improve recovery. Here are five health benefits of bananas for runners: 1. ENERGY BOOST Bananas are a great source of easy-to-digest carbohydrates – this makes them particularly useful for a fast energy boost. A medium-sized banana contains around 105 calories and 27g carbohydrates. Eating a banana before a run is a great way to provide additional fuel without digestive discomfort. Research conducted at Appalachian State University's Human Performance Lab in the US found that performance during intense exercise was just as good when cyclists consumed bananas as it was when they consumed sports drinks. 2. FULL OF POTASSIUM Bananas are particularly useful for runners because of their high potassium content. Potassium plays an essential role in muscle function, and deficiencies in potassium can lead to cramping and discomfort. A medium- sized banana

Forget about Vitamin A pills. With this orange crunchy powerfood, you get Vitamin A and a host of other powerful health benefits including beautiful skin, cancer prevention, and anti- aging. Read how to get maximum benefits from this amazing vegetable BENEFITS OF CARROTS. 1. IMPROVED VISION: Western culture's understanding of carrots being 'good for the eyes' is one of the few we got right. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the liver. Vitamin A is transformed in the retina, to rhodopsin, a purple pigment necessary for night vision. Beta-carotene has also been shown to protect against macular degeneration and senile cataracts. A study found that people who eat the most beta-carotene had 40 percent lower risk of macular degeneration than those who consumed little. 2. CANCER PREVENTION: Studies have shown carrots reduce the risk of lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. Researchers have just discovered falcarinol and falcarindiol whi

Never mind the tears they bring on—onions are an ace ally in your fight against disease. A prized member of the lily family, they lavish you with health benefits while adding oodles of taste to your food. A quick glimpse at their incredible health benefits: 1. The phytochemicals in onions improve the working of Vitamin C in the body, thus gifting you with improved immunity. 2. Onions contain chromium, which assists in regulating blood sugar. For centuries, onions have been used to reduce inflammation and heal infections. 3. Do you enjoy sliced onions with your food? If yes, rejoice! Raw onion encourages the production of good cholesterol (HDL), thus keeping your heart healthy. 4. A powerful compound called quercetin in onions is known to play a significant role in preventing cancer. 5. Got bitten by a honeybee? Apply onion juice on the area for immediate relief from the pain and burning sensation. 6. Onions scavenge free radicals, thereby reducing your risk of developing gastric ulcers

Ginger is among the healthiest (and most delicious) spices on the planet. It is loaded with nutrients and bioactive compounds that have powerful benefits for your body and brain. Here are 11 health benefits of ginger that are supported by scientific research. 1. GINGER CONTAiNS GINGEROL, A SUBSTANCE WITH POWERFUL MEDICINAL PROPERTIES Ginger is a flowering plant that originated from China. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, and is closely related to turmeric, cardomon and galangal. The rhizome (underground part of the stem) is the part commonly used as a spice. It is often called ginger root, or simply ginger. Ginger has a very long history of use in various forms of traditional/alternative medicine. It has been used to help digestion, reduce nausea and help fight the flu and common cold, to name a few. Ginger is a popular spice. It is high in gingerol, a substance with powerful anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. 2. GINGER CAN TREAT MANY FORMS OF NAUSEA, ESPECIALLY MORNI

Ginger is among the healthiest (and most delicious) spices on the planet. It is loaded with nutrients and bioactive compounds that have powerful benefits for your body and brain. Here are 11 health benefits of ginger that are supported by scientific research. 1. GINGER CONTAiNS GINGEROL, A SUBSTANCE WITH POWERFUL MEDICINAL PROPERTIES Ginger is a flowering plant that originated from China. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, and is closely related to turmeric, cardomon and galangal. The rhizome (underground part of the stem) is the part commonly used as a spice. It is often called ginger root, or simply ginger. Ginger has a very long history of use in various forms of traditional/alternative medicine. It has been used to help digestion, reduce nausea and help fight the flu and common cold, to name a few. Ginger is a popular spice. It is high in gingerol, a substance with powerful anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. 2. GINGER CAN TREAT MANY FORMS OF NAUSEA, ESPECIALLY MORNI